Cataract surgery removes the eye's clouded natural lens and replaces it with a clear artificial lens (intraocular lens implant). It is one of the safest and most successful surgical procedures in the world.
A cataract is a clouding of the eye's natural crystalline lens, which sits behind the iris and pupil. Cataracts develop gradually, typically as part of the natural ageing process, and cause progressive blurring of vision, glare, halos around lights, and difficulty seeing in low light. Cataract surgery removes the clouded lens and replaces it with a clear intraocular lens (IOL), restoring vision in the vast majority of patients.
Modern cataract surgery uses phacoemulsification — a technique in which a tiny probe is inserted through a small incision in the cornea, and ultrasonic energy breaks the clouded lens into small fragments that are gently suctioned out. A folded IOL is then inserted through the same incision and unfolds in position. The procedure typically takes 15–30 minutes and is performed under local anaesthetic eye drops. General anaesthesia is rarely required and reserved for specific patient circumstances.
In Korea, cataract surgery is widely available at major hospitals and accredited private eye centres. The choice of IOL is important — monofocal lenses provide excellent distance vision (reading glasses still needed), while premium multifocal or extended depth-of-focus lenses can reduce spectacle dependence at multiple distances. Recovery is rapid; most patients notice improved vision within 24 hours and can return to normal daily activities within a few days, avoiding strenuous exercise for 2–4 weeks.
Key Points
- Removes clouded natural lens and replaces with clear intraocular lens (IOL)
- Phacoemulsification: small-incision, ultrasonic technique — no sutures needed
- Takes 15–30 minutes; performed under local anaesthetic eye drops
- Vision improves within 24 hours; full recovery within 4–6 weeks
- Choice of IOL (monofocal vs premium multifocal) discussed with surgeon pre-op
- One of the highest-success rate surgeries in medicine — 95%+ complication-free
Causes & Risk Factors
- Age-related cataract — most common type, developing from the 50s onwards
- Diabetic cataract — accelerated by poorly controlled blood sugar
- Steroid-induced cataract — from long-term oral or eye drop corticosteroid use
- Traumatic cataract — following eye injury
- Congenital cataract — present at birth, requiring prompt treatment in infants
- Secondary cataract — following other eye conditions or surgeries
When to See a Doctor
- If you notice progressive blurring of vision, increased glare, or difficulty driving at night
- If cataracts are affecting your quality of life, daily activities, or driving ability
- If your ophthalmologist identifies significant cataracts on routine examination
- For annual eye checks if you are over 60, diabetic, or on long-term steroids
- For infants and children with suspected congenital cataract — urgent assessment needed
- After cataract surgery — if you notice sudden vision changes, pain, or redness
For emergencies in Korea, call 119
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This content is published for educational purposes only. For accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment, consult a licensed KMA physician in Korea.
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Medical Disclaimer
This article is published by DoctorsInKorea.com for educational and informational purposes only. It does not replace a professional clinical evaluation by a licensed healthcare provider. For accurate medical diagnosis and personalised treatment paths, please book an appointment with a licensed KMA physician. For immediate life-threatening medical emergencies in Korea, please call 119.
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Last reviewed: May 29, 2026